Sunday, September 21, 2008

Indian Democracy - Who is electing our rulers

The basic foundation of democracy is that the people elect their representatives and rulers. Whether they are most suitable people to govern is itself a debatable question.
Let's understand it in the context of parliamentary democracy of India. People select their representatives who in turn are assigned the task of selecting the executive branch.

In many ways, Indian constitution and democratic system is unique and there are differences with established and functioning democracies around the world. Compare it with its closest cousin, the British system. Unlike India, people in Britain have their option very clear during the time of election. They know who is going to lead the executive branch. Not only that, in most of the cases the ministers are also well known due to their shadow role and policy positions.
Take the case of USA, they are directly electing both their legislatures and also executive heads. That is not the case in India. The indian consitution is an amalgam of British and USA system and the 100 odd amendments have not tuned it for Indian realities.

Just see few examples to understand the whole point. I am not questioning the intelligence and abilities of Mr. Manmohan Singh, but did Indian people elect him as decision maker? What about Mr. Deve Gowda or Mr. I.KGujral or even Mr Chadra Sekhar? What fraction of total votes they secured?
Situations at state level is more gloomy. How many people of Jharkhand elected Madhu Koda to be their Chief minister. There are numerous other cases but this was the summit of all. An independent MLA elected without any party identity or policy position made his way to the top post of the state.

Hence the basic principle of democracy is not in practice. In many cases, people are not electing their actual rulers, at least not the executive branch which is given maximum power.
So that limits people representation to legislative branch. Are our legislature doing any legislative work? It is a big joke in our democracy. I am not aware of any significant law authored by a single or a group of legislatures. In any case getting a private bill passed in 545 member parliament is next to impossible. The law dept of the government introduces a bill on which the ruling party is suppose to support and others are suppose to oppose that bill. If you disagree with your party position, party whip is there to discipline you.
There is hardly any parliamentary committee doing any significant work.

So here we are. We are not electing our ruling part of the government and the legislators are hardly doing any kind of work their name suggests.
What is the solution? I have some ideas. We need our parliament and state assemblies an effective legislative bodies. One way could be reducing the number in Lok Sabha, increase the number of hours in session, remove the whip system.(In any case people switch sides when they feel/allured to do so..)
I know it still does not gurantee that we will get the right people to these bodies. But even then it will make more sense than the current system.
If we get an effective legislative body, that will automatically control the executive branch. Additionaly we need to make sure that it is more representative.